„Celebration of Shabbat in Time of Jesus in the Light of Jewish Sources”

Questiones Selectae 11 (2004) 17, 31-48

Author argues that practical celebration of shabbat, sense of which was based on the God’s Law given to Moses, was in the time of Jesus focused on the four principal aspects: sabbatical meal, refraining from working, prayer in assembly of synagogue and cult of Temple. The holy day became more important in Jewish mentality after 70 C.E., when Jews were deprived of the Temple. It might be settled that in 90 C.E. Judaism was shaped by the rabbinic congregation in Javne. Rabbis did keep existing practices of the holy day celebration, and also emphasized their significance. When cult in the Temple was interrupted and the time of sacrifices expired, the role of sabbatical rules increased. Law of shabbat became the one of the most essential among rules.

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